Humoral immune responses against exoantigen components of oval, elliptic and round yeast forms of malassezia furfur were analysed by elisa and western blotting assays, using sera from patients with pityriasis versicolor pv, seborrheic dermatitis. Studies have revealed that many malassezia species produce biofilm, which is used during attachment to host and other surfaces. The genus candida is comprised of a heterogeneous group of over 200 yeast species. Pityriasis versicolor is one of the most frequent fungal cutaneous infections. Utility of woods lamp screening in patients with pityriasis versicolor by elizabeth m. Definisi pityriasis versicolor adalah infeksi jamur superfisial pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh malassezia furfur atau pityrosporum orbiculare dan ditandai dengan adanya makula di kulit, skuama halus dan disertai rasa gatal. Candidiasis or candidosis refers to a diverse profile of yeast infections caused by members of the genus candida, and predominantly by candida albicans. Tinea versicolor knowledge for medical students and.
Malassezia furfur formerly known as pityrosporum ovale in its hyphal form is a species of fungus that is naturally found on the skin surfaces of humans and is associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis and tinea versicolor. Malassezia are lipophilic yeasts that are constituents of the normal human skin flora. Skin was excised from lesions of tinea versicolor, fixed in paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide, and imbedded in epon. Tinea pityriasis versicolor and malassezia folliculitis.
Abstract malassezia species as a caused agent of pityriasis versicolor needs a special medium for growth because of its lipophilic. It is not true tineae since the classical infectious agents that cause tineae does not cause this condition. Malassezia species may cause various skin manifestations including pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis, dandruff, atopic eczema and folliculitis. What is the prevalence of tinea versicolor pityriasis. The detection of pathogenic fungus is an important step and key to assessing the sensitivity of the antifungal drugs, and therefore choosing an effective treatment method. Pityriasis versicolor is a mild, chronic superficial infection of the stratum corneum layer of the skin caused by malassezia furfur andor other species of malassezia. Regarding the prevalence of malassezia species in the 35 normal subjects, the frequency of isolation of malassezia globosa was 22%, m. The cultivation of malassezia furfur, the fungus responsible for the disease pityriasis tinea versicolor, has been seldom accomplished, in spite of the large. A clinical and epidemiological study of pityriasis versicolor. Days partial or protective immunity do not follow infection. Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by the malassezia furfur fungus, incident mainly in the tropics. Pityriasis versicolor pv is a common clinical problem associated with malassezia species malassezia spp. See tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor and infectious folliculitis, section on fungal folliculitis.
It also seems to be associated with seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff formation, folliculitis, confluent and reticulate papillomatosis, and the provocation of psoriatic lesions. In susceptible individuals, the condition is often recurrent. Several characteristics suggest the basidiomycetous nature of these yeasts, although a perfect stage. Neonatal malassezia furfur pustulosis jama dermatology. Pityriasis versicolor or tinea versicolor is a superficial mycosis caused by yeasts of the genus malassezia spp. It is essential for dermatologists to recognize it and offer an. Malassezia was previously classified as microsporum furfur and pityrosporum malassez 1. It can be cultured by adding olive oil to the isolation medium. Malassezia species are considered to be the etiological agents of pityriasis versicolor and malassezia folliculitis, associated agents in seborrheic. Many substances for topical application, such as azole antimycotics, ciclopirox olamine, piroctone. Attention has focused on the relationship between malassezia species and malassezia related disease.
The skin rash of tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor is also due to infection by this fungus. Pdf humoral immune response to malassezia furfur in. The multiple colours of pityriasis versicolor give rise to the second part of the name, versicolor. Malassezia furfur pityrosporum ovale is a lipophilic yeastlike fungus that causes tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor, a common superficial fungal infection, and also folliculitis pityrosporum folliculitis. What skin conditions are associated with malassezia. The fungus is found on the skin surface of most adults and thrives in warm and moist environment, especially on oily skin. Colonies grown on mdixon agar are mat to dull, smooth to umbonate, with a soft or friable texture 927. Identification of malassezia species isolated from patients with. The condition cannot be spread from person to person because most people already have the malassezia yeast on their skin.
The effects of malassezia yeasts on cytokine production by. It is a superficial infection caused by malassezia furfur, a fungal yeast that is resident in more than 90. The infection is characterized by finely scaling, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules on the trunk. Skin conditions associated with malassezia dermnet nz. Papulopustular eruptions of the face in neonates are frequently referred to as neonatal acne or sebaceous miliaria. Yeasts of malassezia, members of the microbiologic flora of the skin, cause pityriasis versicolor and have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of other superficial dermatoses. This electron microscope investigation of malassezia furfur parasitic phase is basic information for taxonomic purposes. Pityriasis versicolor is a common yeast infection of the skin, in which flaky discoloured patches appear on the chest and back. The most common disease caused by malassezia is pityriasis versicolor pv. To identify malassezia species from scales of a patient with pityriasis versicolor.
Certain environmental, genetic, and immunological factors can predispose to this pathogenic conversion and contribute to the. Controversies remain regarding the specific species involved in the development of pv. The most frequently isolated species were malassezia sympodialis, m. An analysis of the malassezia species distribution in the. Kenatar hair body information about kenatar seborrheic. Pityriasis versicolor pv is an infection caused by various species of malassezia. The yeasts of the genus malassezia have been associated with a number of diseases affecting the human skin, such as pityriasis versicolor, malassezia pityrosporum folliculitis, seborrheic. Pityriasis versicolor can be treated with antifungal medicines. Its caused when malassezia furfur population levels grow out of. Infections are most common between adolescence and middle age and there is a genetic susceptibility. Pityriasis versicolor pityriasis versicolor is a non. The conditions of mycelial form induction are not clear for. Pdf treatment of tinea versicolor caused by malassezia furfur with. The clinical significance of each of these species is not fully understood.
As an opportunistic pathogen, it has further been associated with dandruff, pityriasis versicolor and tinea circinata as well as catheterrelated fungemia and. Background pityriasis versicolor pv is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by malassezia species. Electron microscopy of malassezia furfur in tinea versicolor. Our findings suggest that there is an association between this type of eruption and malassezia furfur infection. The genus malassezia contains three member species. Malassezia furfur is the causative agent of pityriasis versicolor. Distribution of malassezia species from scales of patient. Malassezia furfur and malassezia sympodialis, both obligatory lipophilic, skin flora yeasts of humans, and malassezia pachydermatis, a nonobligatory lipophilic, skin flora yeast of other warmblooded animals. What is pityriasis versicolor pityriasis versicolor is a common yeast infection of the skin, in which flaky discoloured patches appear on the chest and back the term pityriasis is used to describe skin conditions in which the scale appears similar to bran. Identification of malassezia species isolated from. After making several unsuccessful attempts, i finally cultured it. Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by the skin yeast, malassezia furfur.
Malassezia species are considered to be the etiological agents of pityriasis versicolor and malassezia folliculitis, associated agents in seborrheic dermatitis and contributory factors in other. It is essential for dermatologists to recognize it and offer an appropriate treatment. Pityriasis versicolor from sketchy microbiology freemedtube. Structure of the skin also called tinea versicolor. These are available as shampoos, creams and tablets. However, eichstedt was incapable to isolate the fungus. Epidemiology of malassezia yeasts associated with pityriasis.
In 1973, rivolta reported yeasts of a similar type isolated from patients with psoriasis 116, and in 1874, malassez described the typical round and oval buddingyeast cells in the stratum corneumofpatients with pityriasis versicolor and a variety of other skin conditions 84. In 1846, eichstedt described the disease as pityriasis versicolor. Malassezia folliculitis due to the yeast growing in the hair follicles where they produce inflammation. Skin conditions caused or aggravated by infection by malassezia include. Colony size is difficult to assess due to growth in oil. Malassezia furfur pityrosporum ovale is a lipophilic yeastlike fungus that causes tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor, a common superficial fungal infection. The cultivation of malassezia furfur, the fungus responsible for the disease pityriasis tinea versicolor, has been seldom accomplished, in spite of the large number of cells of the organism in the stratum corneum of the epidermis. The history of the malassezia yeasts and their role in human infections was a debate topic in the medical field because of the conflicts on yeast nomenclature. Pdf rapid identification of malassezia furfur from other. Malassezia furfur an overview sciencedirect topics.
Isolation and speciation of malassezia in patients. Tinea versicolor ie, pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection. In the past it was thought to be a postpubescent disease, however current evidence shows that versicolor pityriasis is not uncommon in school children. These investigations show that the malassezia species causing most skin disease in humans, including the most common cause of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis, is m. This fungus is part of the normal skin flora but can cause disease when it converts to its pathogenic hyphal form. Unlike other disorders utilizing the term tinea eg, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, tinea versicolor is not a. Malassezia furfur in tissue 39, 49, 91, 115, 2, 151. We identified malassezia species isolated from 42 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, 17 patients with atopic dermatitis, 22 patients with pityriasis versicolor, 35 normal subjects and 73 healthy medical students. Direct examination of pustule smears showed m fufur yeasts in eight of cases involving neonates.
Pityriasis versicolor is not related to poor hygiene. Pityriasis versicolor most often due to the subspecies m. It is caused by a fungal agent called malassezia furfur which is a normal commensal on all skins but may become pathogenic in some. Patients with this disorder often present with hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and proximal upper extremities picture 1ae. This study analyzed the difference in malassezia spp. The national prevalence of this condition is 28% of the population. Tinea versicolor occurs more frequently in areas with higher temperatures and higher relative humidities.
It is caused by malassezia, a lipophilic dimorphic fungus. Malassezia furfur is the primary causative agent of pityriasis versicolor, a skin disease in humans that causes either hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation of the skin, scaly, slowgrowing skin, and itchiness. Tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor is a benign superficial skin infection that occurs most often in young adults during hot and humid weather and is most commonly caused by the fungi malassezia globosa and malassezia furfur. Pityriasis versicolor pv first described in 1801 1 and the causative fungus isolated in 1846 2, is a wellknown skin eruption due to any number of fungi of the genus malassezia. Rapid identification of malassezia furfur from other malassezia species. Tinea versicolor is a chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin generally affecting the trunk or the proximal parts of the extremities and caused by various species of malassezia, primarily m.
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